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Guide to Sample Selection and MSU VDL Tests for Differential Diagnosis of Toxins that Cause CNS Excitation

Toxicology

Select

Convulsants (70021)

  • Toxicant (*)

    Samples of choice

    Alternate test options if applicable (test codes)

    Comments

  • Bromethalin
    Stomach contents, bait
    --
    Pesticide
  • Tremorgenic mycotoxins (penitrem A and roquefortine)
    Stomach contents, environmental samples
    --
    Mycotoxins
GC/MS (70006)

  • Toxicant (*)

    Samples of choice

    Alternate test options if applicable (test codes)

    Comments

  • Amphetamines
    Stomach contents, serum, urine, liver
    --
    Medications, illicit drugs
  • Antidepressants
    Stomach contents, serum, urine, liver
    --
    Medications
  • Anti-diabetics
    Stomach contents, serum, urine, liver
    --
    Medications
  • Antihistamines
    Stomach contents, serum, urine, liver
    --
    Medications
  • Avitrol
    Stomach contents, bait
    --
    Pesticide
  • Carbamate pesticides
    Whole blood in EDTA, stomach contents, liver, brain hemisphere, environmental samples
    Cholinesterase (70067, 70018)
    Pesticides
  • Diethyl toluamide (DEET)
    Hair, serum
    --
    Pesticide, cats most sensitive
  • Dinitrophenol
    Stomach contents, serum, urine, liver
    --
    Lumber preservative
  • Essential oils (pennyroyal, D-lemonene),
    Hair, serum
    --
    Shampoos, cats most sensitive
  • Flame retardants (organophosphorous type)
    Stomach contents, foam
    --
    Foam materials
  • Hexachlorophene
    Stomach contents, liver
    --
    Germicidal products
  • Metaldehyde
    Stomach contents, liver
    --
    Pesticide
  • Methylphenidate
    Stomach contents, serum
    --
    Medication
  • Methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline)
    Stomach contents, serum, environmental samples
    --
    Food
  • Nicotine
    Stomach contents, serum, environmental samples
    --
    Pesticide, tobacco
  • Organophosphorus pesticides
    Bait, stomach contents, whole blood, environmental samples, liver, brain hemisphere
    Cholinesterase (70067, 70018)
    Pesticide
  • Pentachlorophenol
    Stomach contents, liver, environmental samples
    --
    Wood preservative
  • Phenolic disinfectants
    Stomach contents, liver, environmental samples
    --
    Germicidal products
  • Polyethylene glycol (paint balls)
    Stomach contents, paint balls
    --
    Household
  • Pseudoephedrine
    Stomach contents, serum, liver
    --
    Medication
  • Pyrethrins and pyrethroids
    Hair, fat, liver, brain
    --
    Pesticides, cats most sensitive
  • Recreational drugs (cocaine, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD]; methamphetamines)
    Urine, stomach contents, environmental samples
    --
    Illicit drugs
  • Strychnine
    Bait, stomach contents, urine, liver
    Strychnine (70052)
    Pesticide
Minerals, Tissue (50254)

  • Toxicant (*)

    Samples of choice

    Alternate test options if applicable (test codes)

    Comments

  • Lead
    Whole blood in EDTA, liver, kidney
    Lead, blood (70019)
    Heavy metal
Other Toxicants & Tests

  • Toxicant (*)

    Samples of choice

    MSU VDL tests (test codes)

    Comments

  • Boric acid
    Serum, liver, kidney
    Toxic Elements - Fluid (70025)
    Household pesticides
  • Chlorinated pesticides
    Serum, stomach contents, liver, brain, fat, environmental samples
    Pesticides, chlorinated (70020)
    Pesticides
  • Ethylene glycol
    Bait, serum, urine, liver, kidney
    Ethylene glycol (70023)
    Antifreeze
  • Oxalic acid
    Serum, kidney
    Serum calcium (10381)
    Household
  • Phosphine (zinc, magnesium or aluminum phosphide)
    Stomach contents, bait
    Phosphine (70063)
    Pesticide
  • Sodium ion
    Serum, CSF, brain
    Electrolytes, serum (10130)
    Food, de-icers

(*)Please contact the lab for assistance if you have any questions concerning sample or test selection.